Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has proven to be a valuable tool for monitoring volcanic activity due to its ability to penetrate clouds and darkness, providing continuous observations regardless of weather conditions. SAR works by emitting microwave signals towards the Earth's surface and measuring the reflected signals, allowing for the creation of high-resolution images. One of the key advantages of SAR in monitoring volcanic activity is its ability to detect ground deformations associated with volcanic processes. By acquiring repeated SAR images over time, scientists can analyze the displacement of the Earth's surface and detect even subtle changes that may indicate volcanic unrest. This information is crucial for understanding the dynamics of magma movement beneath the surface and assessing the potential for volcanic eruptions.

Synthetic Aperture Radar also enables the measurement of volcanic ash plumes, which are hazardous to aviation and can have severe impacts on local communities. By analyzing SAR images, scientists can estimate the height and dispersion of volcanic ash clouds, aiding in the development of accurate ash forecasts and airspace management strategies. Furthermore, SAR data can be utilized to study other volcanic features such as lava flows and pyroclastic flows. By monitoring the extent and movement of these hazardous phenomena, SAR helps authorities make informed decisions regarding evacuation plans and risk mitigation measures.