Switched-mode power supplies (SMPS) represent a revolutionary approach to electronic power conversion, integrating a dynamic controller for efficient energy transformation. Unlike traditional power supplies, SMPS efficiently transfers electrical energy from a DC or AC source, often the mains, to a DC load, such as a computer. This conversion involves the adept manipulation of voltage and current, showcasing a distinct departure from linear power supplies.

Key Features of SMPS:

Dynamic Controller: SMPS employs a changing controller that orchestrates the seamless conversion of power, ensuring optimum efficiency.

Pass Transistors: Unlike linear power supplies, SMPS utilizes pass transistors that rapidly alternate between low-power, fully-on, and fully-off states. This rapid toggling minimizes energy wastage during transitions.

Voltage Regulation: The ratio of switching time, known as the duty cycle, is dynamically adjusted to achieve precise voltage regulation.

In summary, SMPS stands out as a dynamic and efficient power conversion solution, offering advantages in energy conservation and voltage regulation.