What is Impingement Syndrome?
Overhead or repetitive arm motions commonly performed at work can sometimes lead to Impingement Syndrome. Impingement Syndrome occurs when the structures around the shoulder socket, including tendons and bursae (fluid-filled sacs), become squeezed or "pinched" between the upper arm bone (humerus) and the shoulder blade (scapula). This pinching causes irritation and pain.

Causes of Impingement Syndrome

The most common cause of Impingement Syndrome is repetitive overhead arm motions like those required for assembling, packaging, pulling or reaching. Jobs involving painting, stacking shelves, construction work and assembly line tasks put strain on the shoulders. Other contributing factors include poor posture, weakness in the rotator cuff muscles, and anatomical variations that decrease the space in the shoulder socket. Injuries like falls on an outstretched arm can also damage the tendons and lead to impingement over time. Genetics may play a role, as some people are just born with naturally narrow shoulder joints making them more susceptible.

Symptoms of Impingement Syndrome

The main symptoms of Impingement Syndrome include a dull or nagging ache in the front or side of the shoulder that is usually worse with overhead activities or lying on the affected side. Reaching behind the back or lowering the arm may also increase shoulder pain. At night, the pain might disrupt sleep by causing the individual to change positions frequently. There may also be stiffness, weakness and decreased range of motion in the shoulder. In some cases, shoulder movement triggers a screeching or grinding sensation. People often describe the pain as feeling like there is something caught or pinned inside the shoulder joint.

Diagnosing Impingement Syndrome

A doctor will perform a physical exam of the shoulder to check for areas of tenderness and reduced mobility. Various shoulder movement tests are done to reproduce the exact painful motions. Diagnostic imaging like x-rays may be ordered to rule out fractures or arthritis. An MRI can detect injuries to muscles, tendons or the bursa lining the shoulder joint. However, in many cases Impingement Syndrome can be diagnosed based on a patient's medical history and symptoms without imaging tests. When other potential causes of shoulder pain are ruled out, impingement is often determined as the root cause behind activity-related shoulder discomfort.

Treatment Options for Impingement Syndrome

The first-line treatment for Impingement Syndrome focuses on reducing shoulder inflammation and strengthening the rotator cuff muscles. Over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications and ice therapy can help relieve pain and swelling. Physical therapy is very effective for teaching stretches and strengthening exercises tailored to each patient. Therapy often includes rotator cuff exercises with Therabands or weights. Changing posture and work techniques may be advised to avoid overhead strain. Cortisone injections directly into the shoulder joint may provide temporary pain relief. If conservative treatments fail to improve symptoms over time, arthroscopic surgery to repair muscle or ligament damage may be considered.

Preventing Recurrence of Impingement Syndrome

Even after initial symptoms subside, there is a risk of Impingement Syndrome recurring if the underlying issues are not addressed. Maintaining strength in the shoulder area is key to prevention. Physical therapists often provide a home exercise program to continue rotator cuff strengthening. Modifying workstation setup or techniques at the jobsite may be necessary. Ensuring good posture and regularly changing positions helps avoid excessive stress on the shoulders. Proper warm-up and cool-down stretches are also recommended before and after heavy exertion. Seeking treatment right away if new pain develops can help avoid long-term shoulder problems. Employers should consider ergonomic evaluations and on-site wellness programs to promote muscle conditioning and injury prevention.

In conclusion, Impingement Syndrome is a common cause of shoulder pain that many employees experience, especially those with jobs involving repetitive overhead motions. Recognizing the signs, following treatment plans for relief, and taking steps to strengthen muscles and modify aggravating activities can help workers avoid ongoing shoulder issues. Employers should be aware of risk factors and supportive of injury prevention strategies.