Exercise is one of the cornerstones of fibromyalgia treatment. While exercise may seem counterintuitive given the pain and fatigue associated with fibromyalgia, studies have found it to be very beneficial. Gentle low-impact exercises like walking, swimming, tai chi and water aerobics can help improve mobility and sleep quality. Starting slowly and gradually increasing duration and intensity is important to allow the body to adapt without overexertion. Strength training exercises using one’s own body weight combined with stretches can help build muscle tone and alleviate pain.

Cognitive behavioral therapy or CBT techniques teach patients ways to challenge negative thought patterns and manage stress levels. Since stress is a major fibromyalgia trigger, reducing stress through relaxation techniques, mindfulness meditation and deep breathing can ease pain levels. Yoga, tai chi and other mind-body activities combine gentle movement with breathwork to lower stress hormones. Getting adequate sleep, which may mean daytime naps, is also key. Maintaining a consistent sleep-wake cycle through good sleep hygiene helps regulate the body’s circadian rhythm.

Pharmacological Fibromyalgia Treatment Medications

Antidepressants are commonly prescribed for Fibromyalgia Treatment even in people without depression or anxiety disorders. Drugs from two classes in particular, SNRIs (serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors) and tricyclic antidepressants, are beneficial. Duloxetine (Cymbalta) and milnacipran (Savella) are SNRI drugs approved by the FDA specifically for fibromyalgia. Low-dose tricyclic antidepressants like amitriptyline can provide relief for many. Side effects may include nausea, headache, dry mouth andconstipation.

Anti-seizure medications are also used off-label to treat fibromyalgia as they target sodium and calcium ion channels in the brain pain pathways. Types such as pregabalin (Lyrica), gabapentin (Neurontin) and carbamazepine may relieve widespread pain and improve mood and sleep quality. However, side effects like dizziness, drowsiness and weight gain are common.