Landscape lighting has the power to completely transform your outdoor space. In this comprehensive guide, we will take you through the different types of lighting you can use in your landscape and what each of them is designed to do. Whether you want to highlight specific features, add drama to certain areas, or increase safety and visibility, we've got you covered. So, let's dive in!

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What Should You Light in Your Yard?

One of the key principles of landscape lighting is that less is more. Instead of trying to light up every single detail, focus on creating contrast and highlighting the most important elements. Consider the following factors when deciding what to light:

1. Identify special features in your yard that you want to showcase. It could be a beautiful tree or a pond. Highlighting these features will make them stand out.

2. Add drama to areas that might not be noticeable during the day. A simple stone wall can be transformed into a captivating focal point with the right lighting.

3. Think about functionality. Light up areas like decks with stairs or pathways to ensure safety and easy navigation.

Don't forget about your entryway! A well-lit entrance not only provides safety but also creates a warm and welcoming atmosphere.

The goal of landscape lighting is to create an effect without drawing attention to the light source itself. Path lighting is an exception, as it is designed to be decorative and visible.

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Types of Landscape Lighting

To effectively illuminate your landscape, it's important to understand the different types of lighting fixtures available. Here are some key types to consider:

Spotlights / Floodlights

Spotlights and floodlights serve different purposes. Spotlights project a narrow beam of light, perfect for highlighting specific architectural details or landscape features. Floodlights, on the other hand, have a wider beam spread and are suitable for illuminating general areas like driveways or large open spaces.

When choosing the right beam width, consider the distance from the light source to the target. This formula can help you determine the beam width: Angle of Beam x 0.018 x Distance from Light Bulb = Beam Width.

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Inground Lighting

Inground lights, also known as well lights, are installed directly into the ground. They create an uplighting effect, illuminating trees, structures, and other features in your yard. Ingrounds can be mixed with spotlights for a more dynamic lighting solution.

Ensure that the features you want to illuminate are strong and prominent. Ingrounds are best suited for highlighting trees and garden walls.

Outdoor Post Lights

Post lights and bollard lights are great for accenting pathways and creating an ambient atmosphere without overwhelming brightness. Tall posts work well for driveways, while shorter posts are ideal for paths and small alcoves.

Consider the number of lights you need based on the diameter each light covers. Place them strategically on either side of the path for an inviting entryway.

Path Lighting

Path lights are a must-have in any landscape. They not only improve curb appeal but also enhance safety when walking along pathways. Install path lights at a height of around 14 inches for even illumination.

To prevent overcrowding, ensure that the lights are within 1 foot from the sides of the path. Choose sturdy materials that can withstand outdoor elements, and opt for LED path lights for energy efficiency and long-lasting performance.

Deck and Step Lights

Deck and step lights are perfect for accenting architectural details and providing safe passage on stairs. These lights can be installed directly into hardscapes or decking, adding both functionality and aesthetics to your outdoor space.

Underwater Lights

Underwater lights, also known as submersible lights, can be used to add drama to water features. They can be submerged or used as strips of LED tape to create stunning visual effects.

Hardscape Lights

Hardscape lights are a relatively new addition to landscape lighting. These small lights with brackets or flanges can be installed onto or into structures, creating beautiful washes of light on walls and other surfaces.

How to Light Your Landscape

When planning your landscape lighting, it's helpful to experiment with different lighting effects to see what works best for your space. Here are some techniques to try:

Uplighting

Uplighting is a classic technique that highlights taller structures or trees. It can be used to accentuate the trunk of a large tree or create a stunning canopy effect. Spotlights and well lights are perfect for achieving this effect.

Silhouetting

Silhouetting is an excellent way to highlight dramatic shapes or create a backlight effect. Place a light source behind an object and aim it towards the main vantage point. Make sure the light source itself is not visible. This technique works well with spotlights and well lights.

Shadowing

Shadowing is the reverse technique of silhouetting. Position the light source between the main vantage point and the object you want to light, aiming it at the object. This technique works best when there is a wall or flat surface behind the object to capture the shadows. Spotlights, well lights, and floodlights are suitable for this effect.

Moon Lighting

Moon lighting involves placing a light source high up in a tree and aiming it downwards. This creates a beautiful wash of light on the branches and ground below, particularly effective with trees that have open branches. Spotlights are commonly used for this technique.

Grazing

Grazing is ideal for hardscape-heavy yards. It involves placing lights close to a flat surface and aiming them directly up or down to create dramatic light and shadow play. This technique works well with well lights and hardscape lights.

Washing

If you want to create a well-lit space, consider using the washing technique. Flood a large wall or hedge with light to create an even, gentle illumination. This technique is perfect for creating an ambient atmosphere. Floodlights are commonly used for washing effects.

Technical Tips

When selecting landscape lighting, keep these technical considerations in mind:

• Look for fixtures with adjustable lumen output to control the brightness according to your preferences.
• LED lights are the best choice for landscape lighting due to their energy efficiency and longevity. They also offer adjustable beam spreads.
• Consider the color temperature of the lights. Use warmer light for oak trees and brown siding, and cooler colors for pine trees or dark gray stone. Very cool whites (4000-5000K) are suitable for modern or commercial landscapes.

How Many Lumens to Uplight a Tree?

To determine the appropriate lumen output for uplighting a tree, consider its height:

• Smaller trees (up to 1 story or 6 to 10 feet) require 80 to 120 lumens.
• Medium-sized trees (up to 2 stories) need 140 to 180 lumens.
• Larger trees (up to 3 stories) should be illuminated with 230 to 270 lumens.
• Tall trees (up to 4 stories or 50 to 80 feet tall) require 350 to 1000 lumens.

Keep in mind that these guidelines are subjective, and you may adjust the lumen output based on your preferences and the tree's specific characteristics.

Now that you have a solid understanding of landscape lighting, feel free to experiment and create a stunning outdoor space. If you're unsure about any aspect of your landscape lighting plan, consult with a professional to ensure you're making the most of your lighting design. Remember, taking your time and starting small can lead to a well-balanced and inviting outdoor environment.