Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment: Managing the disease through medications and lifestyle changes

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes pain, swelling and stiffness in the joints. It can affect multiple joints symmetrically throughout the body including the hands, feet, wrists, knees, ankles, elbows, hips and neck. There is no known cure for rheumatoid arthritis, however, early diagnosis and treatment can help manage symptoms and prevent further joint damage. In this article, we will discuss various treatment options and lifestyle modifications that can help rheumatoid arthritis patients lead a better quality of life.

Medications for rheumatoid arthritis

Drug therapy is a key component of rheumatoid arthritis treatment. Medications help reduce joint inflammation, pain and slow the progression of joint damage. Common medications used include:

Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs): DMARDs such as methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine and sulfasalazine work to modify the disease process and are usually the first line of treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. They help control symptoms and prevent further joint damage when taken long term.

Biologics: For patients who do not respond well to DMARDs, biologic DMARDs may be prescribed. These are injectable or infusable drugs that target specific proteins like TNF-alpha involved in the inflammatory process. Some commonly used biologics are Humira, Enbrel, Remicade etc.

Corticosteroids: Oral corticosteroids like prednisone are generally prescribed in low doses along with other DMARDs to control inflammation during flare ups. Long term use of high dose steroids is avoided due to potential side effects.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): Over the counter NSAIDs like ibuprofen help provide relief from joint pain and swelling associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Prescription strength NSAIDs may also be used.

Joint protection, exercise and physical therapy

Joint protection techniques aim to reduce stress on inflamed joints and prevent further damage. They involve methods like proper body mechanics, joint-friendly exercises and use of assistive devices. Low impact aerobic exercises like swimming and water aerobics help maintain joint flexibility while protecting joints from high impact activities. Physical and occupational therapy play a key role in managing rheumatoid arthritis by teaching patients how to modify activities, use orthotics, splints and adaptive equipment. Therapeutic exercises and hands-on techniques like ultrasound, heat/ice therapy relieve pain and improve mobility.

Diet and nutritional supplements

While there is no specific diet proven to cure rheumatoid arthritis, maintaining a healthy weight and following an overall balanced diet is crucial. A diet rich in fruits and vegetables, whole grains, fish, healthy fats and lean protein provides anti-inflammatory nutrients that may alleviate symptoms. Limiting sugar, red meat and excess alcohol intake also helps. Some nutritional supplements which research suggests may be beneficial include fish oil, vitamin D, probiotics, turmeric and boswellia. However, it is best to consult a rheumatologist or nutritionist before starting any supplements.

Managing stress and getting adequate sleep

High stress levels can worsen inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Stress management techniques like yoga, meditation, deep breathing, journaling and supportive counselling help patients cope better. Aim for 7-9 hours of sound sleep every night to allow the body to repair and reduce pain and stiffness experienced upon waking up. Maintaining a relaxing bedtime routine, limiting screen time before bed and treating any underlying sleep disorders is important.

Lifestyle modifications for rheumatoid arthritis

Making positive lifestyle changes go a long way in living well with rheumatoid arthritis. Quitting smoking which is an independent risk factor for more severe RA must be a priority. Staying socially connected through support groups or one-on-one interactions prevents isolation and boosts mood. Pacing activities and minimizing activities that provoke symptoms enables balancing rest with daily responsibilities. These holistic treatment strategies combined with medical management significantly improve quality of life for patients battling rheumatoid arthritis on a long term basis.

In conclusion, rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic condition that requires a multidisciplinary treatment approach involving medications, physical and occupational therapies, dietary modifications and lifestyle changes. While there is no cure, early diagnosis followed by appropriate drug treatment, joint protection and stress management enables long term control of symptoms and prevention of further damage to joints and tissues. Adhering to treatment recommendations prescribed by the rheumatologist helps rheumatoid arthritis patients live full, active lives with minimal disability.